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The psychological training of athletes is an integral part of the modern sport training system. It forms a complete training system, along with technical, tactical, and physical training. Psychological training is the conscious and deliberate process of influencing psychological processes and the individual psychological characteristics required by athletes. It continuously enhances and improves the psychological qualities needed for specific sports.
The psychological state of athletes has been proven to directly influence their physical abilities as well as their expression of technical and tactical level, especially in high-level competitions. Athletes who have good psychological qualities are often exceptional performers, and can turn difficult situations into victories. In contrast, athletes can experience psychological problems despite being in a favorable situation. This may lead to lack of focus, distorted movements, muscle tension and increased errors, which ultimately leads to losing a good position. In order to demonstrate their tactical and technical levels during competitions, athletes must have both a strong physical foundation and a solid psychological base.
Psychological training has the main purpose of promoting the improvement of athletes’ psychological processes. It also helps them develop good individual psychological traits for specific sports. They can build up a large amount of psychological reserves and adapt their mental state to training and competition requirements. It has the following specific effects:
Increase the level of mental activity. The state of mind is the primary factor controlling the technical and psychological movements during competition and practice. Low levels of psychological activity make it hard to control technical and physiological movements. Athletes who have good physical abilities and high technical skill levels may not be able to perform at their optimal level and even exhibit obvious abnormalities. Unsuitable psychological states may lead to tensions that can cause muscle contractions, distortions, or a reduction in technical performance. It is therefore necessary to employ psychological training techniques to raise the level psychological activity, and to enable practitioners to be able to exercise self-control.
Intensification of mental activity Athletes must have an appropriate level of activity in training and during competition. They cannot effectively lead technical movements if they are not at the right intensity. A balance between physical and mental power is required to complete sports technical movements. The balance between physical and mental power cannot be optimal if either one is not at the right level. This leads to technical movement distortions and affects the efficiency of competition and training. Psychological training can help practitioners maintain the right balance between physical and mental power and reach their best competitive state.
Eliminate psychological barriers. The purpose of psychological training does not only consist of regulating an increase in or decrease in psychological activity. It also acts to eliminate and treat certain psychological barriers which have been formed previously.
Technical failures and abnormalities can lead to mental barriers during training or competition. These include heightened emotions on the field, insufficient motivation and delayed perception of sports. The psychological scars are directly related to sports failures. To overcome this issue, it is necessary to use specialized treatment and recovery methods for psychological issues. These methods cannot be substituted by technical and physical training, or relied on solely natural recovery. It is necessary to use psychological techniques in order to overcome mental problems.
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